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研究了环境变量(温度和外激励幅值)对超弹性形状记忆合金阻尼器减振特性的影响。用多线性本构模型来表示SMA伪弹性,建立了SMA振动系统的动力学模型。通过平均法求解了方程主共振的幅频响应解,并用数值方法验证其计算的准确性。通过定义SMA振动系统与对应线性系统的共振幅值比、共振频率比来表示SMA阻尼器的减振和调频效果,并研究了环境变量与其的定量关系。研究结果表明:温度升高对SMA减振和调频是不利的;而外激励幅值在一定的范围内取值时,SMA阻尼器具有良好的减振和调频效果。此研究结果可为SMA阻尼器使用环境条件的选择提供参考。
The influence of environmental variables (temperature and external excitation amplitude) on the damping characteristics of superelastic shape memory alloy damper was studied. The multi-linear constitutive model is used to represent the pseudo-elasticity of SMA, and the dynamic model of SMA vibration system is established. The amplitude-frequency response of the main resonance of the equation is solved by the averaging method and the numerical accuracy of the method is verified. By defining the resonant amplitude ratio and resonant frequency ratio of the SMA vibration system and the corresponding linear system, the damping and frequency modulation effects of the SMA damper are described, and the quantitative relationship between the environmental variables and the vibration damping factor is also studied. The results show that the temperature rise is unfavorable to the vibration reduction and frequency modulation of the SMA, while the SMA damper has a good damping and frequency modulation effect when the external excitation amplitude is within a certain range. The results of this study can provide references for the selection of environmental conditions for SMA dampers.