风险分析与风险管理是美国政府部门广泛采用的分析工具。里根和克林顿总统签署的行政命令和国会制定的法律使之成为立法程序的内容。风险分析为立法程序中广泛而深入的公众参与开辟了道路,为规章与政策的制定奠定了合理性基础,影响了司法审查的方式。风险分析与成本效益分析相结合,在提高立法质量,改进政府管制效益上发挥了重要作用。 Risk analysis and risk management are widely used analytical tools by U.S. government departments. The executive order signed by President Reagan and President Clinton and the law enacted by Congress make it part of the legislative process. Risk analysis has opened the way to extensive and in-depth public participation in the legislative process, laid a sound foundation for the formulation of rules and policies, and affected the way of judicial review. The combination of risk analysis and cost-benefit analysis has played an important role in improving the quality of legislation and improving the efficiency of government regulation.