视网膜色素变性及老年性黄斑变性是严重威胁视力的疾病,目前临床上缺乏有效的治疗方法。胚胎干细胞具有无限增生、多向分化的潜力,能定向分化为视网膜前体细胞以及各种神经细胞。胚胎干细胞源性神经细胞的眼内移植为此类疾病的治疗带来了希望,成为近年来该领域的研究热点。本文对近年来不同培养条件对胚胎干细胞定向诱导分化的影响、供体视网膜前体细胞与受体视网膜组织作用的可能机制以及视网膜前体细胞眼内移植的进展进行综述。 Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration is a serious threat to vision of the disease, the current lack of effective clinical treatment. Embryonic stem cells with unlimited proliferation, multi-directional differentiation potential, can be differentiated into retinal precursor cells and various nerve cells. Intraocular transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived neurons has brought hope for the treatment of such diseases and has become a hot spot in this field in recent years. This review summarizes the effects of different culture conditions on the directional differentiation of embryonic stem cells in recent years, the possible mechanism of donor retinal precursor cells and receptor retinal tissue, and the progress of intraocular transplantation of retinal precursor cells.