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画院的称谓和建制起自十世纪中国的南唐和西蜀,宋代翰林图画院的庞大阵容和完善的建制则表明,古代意义的中国画院作为一种专业性的美术研究机构已经成熟。由于是皇室赞助的美术机构,所以画院从一开始就展现出比较强大的优势,譬如,能够聚集最优秀的美术人才;可以进行在规模的创作活动;有足够的学习资料和较多的技术交流机会;经费充足等,这些优势以及依靠这些优势所取得的成果说明,中国古代画院在中国美术史上发挥了不可低估的作用。 从美术史的角度讲,今天的画院是古代画院的延续,它的严格意义应该是“中国当代画院”,通常都以“画院”简称之。画院的概念有两点需要注意:一方面,它依然保留着古代画院作为国家倡导或资助的专业学术机构所具有的特殊优势;另一方面,它在内涵上又与古代画院有着根本性的区别:古代画院的服务对象主要是上层贵族,它为少数的统治者所控制,这最终限制和阻碍了它的发展,从而也就决定了古代画院的性质;而当代画院从其服务对象来看是社会中的大多数人,其根本目的在于提高国民的素养和陶冶人们的情操,为中国社会的发展和建设精神食粮,丰富和发展人民的精神和文化生活,这是当代画院与古代画院的本质区别,也是它的现代意义所在,就此一点来说,它充分体现出当代画院这一概念的全新意义。
The title and establishment of the academy since the Tang and Han Dynasties in China in the 10th century and the huge lineup and perfect system of the Hanlin Art Institute in the Song Dynasty show that the ancient Chinese painting academy has matured as a specialized art research institution. Since it is a royal-sponsored art institution, the academy has shown comparative advantages from the very beginning. For example, it can gather the finest art talents, make creative work on a large scale, have sufficient learning materials and more technical exchanges Opportunities, sufficient funds, etc. These advantages and the achievements relied on by these advantages show that the ancient Chinese art academy played an important role in the history of fine arts in China. From the perspective of art history, today’s art academy is a continuation of the ancient art academy. Its strict meaning should be “Contemporary Chinese Art Academy” and usually referred to as “art academy” for short. On the one hand, it still retains the special advantages of the ancient academy as a professional academic institution advocated or funded by the state; on the other hand, it fundamentally distinguishes itself from the ancient art academy : The ancient art academy is mainly served by the upper aristocracy, which is controlled by a few rulers, which ultimately restricts and impedes its development, which in turn determines the nature of the ancient art academy; while the Contemporary Art Academy, viewed from its clients The fundamental purpose of the majority of people in society is to improve the quality of the nation and cultivate people’s sentiments. It is the essence of the contemporary art academy and the ancient art academy for the development of Chinese society and the building of spiritual food and food, enrichment and development of people’s spiritual and cultural life The difference is also its modern significance. In this sense, it fully reflects the brand-new meaning of the concept of contemporary art academy.