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【目的】通过对木纳格葡萄进行不同方式的试验处理,比较各处理对裂果的影响;分析裂果的解剖结构特点,研究木纳格葡萄裂果机制,为防治裂果提供科学依据。【方法】从果实膨大期至成熟期,采用不同浓度GA_3和Ca Cl_2喷布、果实套袋及人工降雨处理,在果实成熟期调查各处理的裂果率,利用常规石蜡切片法,观察裂果的果皮等组织的解剖结构。【结果】喷施Ca Cl_2和农用钙剂都可以有效降低裂果率,果皮厚度、果皮和果肉细胞大小及排列紧密程度增大。喷施100 mg/L GA_3、0.05%Ca Cl_2及人工降雨12 h时,果皮、果肉细胞排列、果肉与果皮结合变松散,维管束细小而稀疏,裂果率也升高。喷施30 mg/L GA_3、0.2%Ca Cl_2和流体金钙对降低裂果率效果较好。木纳格葡萄裂果的角质层厚度明显小于正常果,细胞排列不平整,有断裂。裂果的表皮、亚表皮的细胞排列整齐度和紧凑程度很低。裂果的果肉细胞较小,果皮与果肉结合松散,正常果的维管束要粗大且分布均匀,维管束的粗、密。套蓝色和白色无纺布袋的果穗都无裂果发生,其角质层增厚且平整光滑,果皮厚度、果皮和果肉细胞大小变化不显著,但细胞排列紧密、规则。【结论】30 mg/L GA_3、0.2%Ca Cl_2和流体金钙及无纺布套袋可以有效降低裂果率,连续降雨会促发裂果。角质层、表皮和亚表皮越厚且细胞排列越紧密,果肉细胞排列和果皮与果肉结合越紧密,维管束越粗越密的果实不易裂果。
【Objective】 The effects of different treatments on fissures were compared by analyzing different treatments of Morgues grapes. The anatomical structure of fissures was analyzed to study the mechanism of fissures and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of fissures. 【Method】 From fruit enlargement to maturity, GA 3 and Ca Cl 2 spraying, bagging and artificial rainfall were used to investigate the fruit cracking rate in each ripening stage. The paraffin sections were used to observe the fruit peel Other anatomical structures. 【Result】 Spraying CaCl 2 and agricultural calcium could effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate. The thickness of pericarp, the size of the pericarp and the pulp cells and the arrangement of tightness increased. When spraying 100 mg / L GA_3, 0.05% Ca Cl_2 and artificial rainfall for 12 h, the pericarp and pulp cells were arranged, the combination of pulp and pericarp became loose, the vascular bundles were small and sparse, and the fruit cracking rate also increased. Spraying 30 mg / L GA_3, 0.2% Ca Cl_2 and fluid gold-calcium had a good effect on reducing fruit cracking rate. The thickness of the stratum corneum of the fruit of the Magnacus graminis was obviously smaller than that of the normal fruit, the cells arranged unevenly and had the fracture. Split fruit epidermis, sub-epidermal cells arranged in order and very low degree of compactness. The flesh cells of fissured fruit are smaller, the pericarp and flesh are combined loosely, the vascular bundle of normal fruit should be coarse and distributed evenly, the thick and dense vascular bundle. Set of blue and white non-woven bags of fruit spike no crack occurred, the stratum corneum thickening and smooth, peel thickness, peel and pulp cell size change was not significant, but the cells arranged in close, regular. 【Conclusion】 30 mg / L GA_3, 0.2% Ca Cl_2, bagging of fluid calcareous and non-woven fabrics can effectively reduce the fruit cracking rate, and continuous rainfall can cause cracking. The stratum corneum, epidermis and sub-epidermis thicker and the cells arranged more closely, the arrangement of pulp cells and peel and pulp more closely, the thicker the vascular bundle more dense fruit is not easy to crack fruit.