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内源及外源性阿片具有调节神经元与胶质细胞的功能，这些调节具有保护或损伤脑功能的双重作用。吗啡具有促进爱滋病毒复制及继发感染的作用。另一方面，阿片受体中的ｋａｐｐａ受体可能具有保护神经元的作用。更深层次的研究应是了解阿片通过什么机制作用在胶质细胞和神经元上，藉此以促进研制出具有明显疗效的新药
Both endogenous and exogenous opioids regulate the function of neurons and glial cells, both of which have the dual role of protecting or damaging brain function. Morphine has the effect of promoting HIV replication and secondary infection. On the other hand, kappa receptors in opioid receptors may have neuroprotective effects. A deeper study should be about what opioid mechanisms act on glial cells and neurons to promote the development of new drugs with significant efficacy