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本文对自熔合金粉末Ni-B-Si系进行了较系统的探讨。采用水雾化工艺可以得到球形、回收率达40％以上(—150目)、质量基本符合使用要求的Ni-B-Si粉末。试验结果表明,硼、硅元素是影响粉末性能的主要因素,随着硼、硅含量的提高,粉末的硬度和高温硬度逐步增加,粉末熔点逐步下降。硅大部分熔解于镍γ相中、以固溶强化形式影响粉末性能。硼则形成Ni_3B、Ni_2B的γ′相和γ-γ′共晶相,影响粉末性能。铁、碳二元素对粉末熔点、硬度、自熔性均无明显作用。Ni-B-Si粉末应用于玻璃工业的灰铸铁模具表面喷焊,经实际考验,模具寿命普遍提高5倍。我们在实验基础上,分析了各有关元素的作用,结合我国资源条件和目前工艺装备,提出了一个Ni-B-Si粉末系列,可供生产试制和应用。
In this paper, the self-fluxing alloy powder Ni-B-Si system has been systematically discussed. The water atomization process can be spherical, the recovery rate of 40% (-150 mesh), the quality of the basic requirements of the use of Ni-B-Si powder. The results show that boron and silicon are the main factors affecting the performance of the powder. With the increase of boron and silicon content, the hardness and high temperature hardness of the powder gradually increase, and the melting point of the powder gradually decreases. Most of the silicon melts in the nickel-γ phase and affects the powder properties in the form of solid-solution strengthening. Boron forms the γ ’phase and the γ-γ’ eutectic phase of Ni_3B and Ni_2B, affecting the powder properties. Iron, carbon two elements on the powder melting point, hardness, self-fluxing no significant role. Ni-B-Si powder used in glass industry, gray cast iron mold surface spray, the actual test, die life generally increased 5 times. On the basis of experiments, we analyzed the role of all the relevant elements, and proposed a series of Ni-B-Si powders for our trial production and application according to the resource conditions in our country and the current technology and equipment.