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植物花香成分主要包括萜类、苯基/苯丙烷类和脂肪酸衍生物三大类。对观赏植物而言,花香是其重要品质,花香研究已成为热门研究领域之一。近年来,由于矮牵牛‘Mitchell’等品种香气浓郁,成为研究花香合成与调节的模式材料。矮牵牛花香的主要成分为苯基/苯丙烷类,其合成的上游为莽草酸路径,主要合成部位为花瓣,花香合成和释放具有典型昼夜节律性,并受衰老激素乙烯调节。另外,人们还发现了一些转录因子参与调节花香合成酶基因的表达,其中主要为R2R3类MYB基因家族成员。现综述了矮牵牛花香生物合成的特点、关键酶以及调节花香的转录因子,以期为植物花香性状的改良提供参考。
Floral compositions of plants mainly include terpenes, phenyl / phenylpropanes and fatty acid derivatives three categories. Floral ornamentation is an important quality for ornamentals. Floral research has become one of the hot research areas. In recent years, due to the aroma of Petunia ’Mitchell’ and other varieties, it has become a model material for studying floral synthesis and regulation. The main components of petunia flower are phenyl / phenylpropanes. The upstream of the synthesis is shikimic acid. The major synthetic sites are petals. The synthesis and release of flowers have typical circadian rhythms and are regulated by aging hormone ethylene. In addition, some transcription factors were also found to be involved in the regulation of floral synthase gene expression, mainly of members of the R2R3 class MYB gene family. The characteristics of petunia flower biosynthesis, the key enzymes and the transcription factors that regulate flower flavor are reviewed in this paper. The purpose is to provide reference for the improvement of plant floral traits.