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目的了解新疆喀什地区人群利什曼原虫感染现状,为制定防治规划提供依据,并比较PCR和ELISA检测利什曼原虫无症状感染的效能。方法选取2009年9月新疆喀什地区黑热病流行严重的1县3乡4个调查点,采集黑热病患者及其家属和邻居的血液样品(每份血样分抗凝血和非抗凝血),采用ELISA检测血清中利什曼原虫特异性抗体;以RV1、RV2和KI3A、KI3B为引物,用PCR检测血样中利什曼原虫特异DNA片段。结果 PCR检测利什曼原虫特异DNA片段的阳性率为82.67%(62/75),ELISA检测利什曼原虫特异性抗体的阳性率为69.33%(52/75)。结论现阶段新疆喀什地区人群利什曼原虫感染率仍然颇高,尤其表现在与患者密切接触的患者家属和邻居;PCR是检测无症状利什曼原虫感染较敏感的方法 。
Objective To understand the status of Leishmania infection in population in Kashgar region in Xinjiang and provide basis for prevention and control planning. The efficacy of Leishmania asymptomatic infection by PCR and ELISA was compared. Methods A total of 4 investigation sites in 1 county, 3 townships, with serious kala-azithriasis in Kashi prefecture of Xinjiang in September 2009 were collected. Blood samples of patients with kala-azar and their families and neighbors (each blood sample was divided into anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant blood) were collected and analyzed by ELISA Serum leishmania specific antibodies were detected; RV1, RV2 and KI3A, KI3B primers were used to detect Leishmania specific DNA fragments in blood samples. Results The positive rate of Leishmania specific DNA fragment detected by PCR was 82.67% (62/75). The positive rate of Leishmania specific antibody by ELISA was 69.33% (52/75). Conclusion The prevalence of Leishmania is still high in Kashgar region of Xinjiang at this stage, especially in patients with close family contacts and neighbors. PCR is a more sensitive method for detecting asymptomatic Leishmania infection.