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目的研究汽车制造企业工人工效学负荷因素暴露水平及相关因素与肌肉骨骼疾患(MSD)间的关系。方法选取我国南方3家汽车生产企业,使用快速暴露检查表(QEC)及北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状分析调查表(NMQ)对1 065名生产工人进行问卷调查,分析其工效学负荷及MSD发生的相关危险因素。结果本次调查企业的生产工人背部MSD症状的阳性率最高(61.8%)。各部位患MSD者工效学负荷评分均高于未患MSD者(P<0.01)。男性的工效学负荷水平显著高于女性(P<0.01)。工种间比较,背部负荷评分冲压、焊装(P<0.01)均高于总装,肩/臂部负荷评分焊装高于其他各工种(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析中,各部位工效学负荷均为其患MSD的危险因素,工作节奏与工作压力也是其重要的危险因素。结论本次调查的汽车企业焊装工种工效学负荷相对水平较高,其身体各部位MSD的发生与工效学负荷得分相关,需加以控制。此外,工作节奏与压力因素对工人MSD的患病也有较大影响,需在工效学评价与干预中加以考虑。
Objective To investigate the correlation between ergonomics load factor exposure and related factors in motor vehicle manufacturers and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Methods A total of 1,065 production workers were surveyed by QEC and Nordic Standardized Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire (NMQ) using three car manufacturers in southern China. The correlation between ergonomics load and MSD was analyzed Risk factors. Results The positive rate of back MSD symptoms was highest in the surveyed enterprises (61.8%). The ergonomic load scores of MSD in all the patients were higher than those without MSD (P <0.01). Erbiturates were significantly higher in men than in women (P <0.01). Compared with other types of work, the back load score stamping, welding (P <0.01) were higher than the assembly, shoulder / arm load rating welding higher than other types of work (P <0.01). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the ergonomics load of each part was the risk factor of MSD. The working rhythm and working pressure were also the important risk factors. Conclusion The survey shows that there is a relatively high level of ergonomics load in the welding work of auto companies. The occurrence of MSD in various parts of the body is related to the ergonomic load score and needs to be controlled. In addition, working pace and stress factors have a greater impact on the morbidity of workers with MSD and need to be considered in ergonomic evaluation and intervention.