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20世纪90年代前苏联解体,作为主体部分的俄罗斯联邦按照资本主义民主、宪政原则进行了一场根本性的旨在建立法治国家的改革。警察机关承担着维护国家社会公共安全及打击犯罪的重任,如何进行改革以适应新时期的需要,是改革的重点之一。2011年,俄罗斯国家杜马废除了原《民警法》,通过了新《俄罗斯联邦警察法》,新法内容全面、细致,堪称一部较为完善的警察法典,也是对警察制度一次较为全面、彻底的改革。本文拟通过对《俄罗斯联邦警察法》内容的介绍,以及与旧法的比较,对新《俄罗斯联邦警察法》的特点及精神尝试阐述自己的一点看法,以期对同样处于转型时期的中国警察制度的改革有借鉴意义。
Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s, the Russian Federation, as the main part, conducted a fundamental reform aimed at establishing a state under the rule of law in accordance with the principles of capitalist democracy and constitutional government. It is one of the focuses of the reform that police departments bear the heavy responsibility of safeguarding public security in the country and cracking down on crimes and how to carry out reforms so as to meet the needs of the new period. In 2011, the State Duma of Russia repealed the original “Police Law” and adopted the new “Russian Federation Police Law.” The new law is comprehensive and detailed and constitutes a relatively complete police code. It is also a relatively comprehensive and thorough review of the police system. Reform. This article intends to introduce the content of the “Russian Federation Police Act” and its comparison with the old one, trying to elaborate one’s own point of view on the characteristics and spirit of the new “Russian Federation Police Act”, with a view to improving the police system in the transitional period Reform has reference.