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从古希腊的哲学家到近代的启蒙思想家,从亚里士多德到黑格尔,一代又一代的智者对国家理论进行了探索,积累了大量关于国家的理论知识。马克思正是站在古圣先贤的肩膀上,深入研究了他们的思想结晶,特别是对黑格尔的国家观进行了深入批判,提出了具有鲜明理论特质的国家观。本文以《德意志意识形态》中的国家观为研究对象,对《德意志意识形态》中的国家思想进行了整理,揭示出国家的产生与发展的过程,科学阐明通过实践实现人自由而全面发展的历史趋势,最后指出《德意志意识形态》中国家观的当代启示。
From ancient Greek philosophers to modern enlightenment thinkers, from Aristotle to Hegel, generations of wise men explored state theory and accumulated a great deal of theoretical knowledge about the state. It is on the shoulders of ancient sage ancestors that Marx came to study deeply the crystallization of their ideas. In particular, he carried out in-depth criticisms of Hegel’s concept of state and put forward a concept of state with distinctive theoretical qualities. Taking the concept of nation in “Deutsche Ideology” as the research object, this article sorts out the national thoughts in “German Ideology”, reveals the process of the emergence and development of the country, expounds the scientific development of all-round development through the practice of human freedom Historical trend, and finally points out the contemporary enlightenment of the Chinese viewpoints in “German Ideology.”