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目的:对中国流行性腮腺炎突发公共卫生事件报告进行深入分析，为科学防控提供依据和理论基础。方法:采用描述流行病学和Poisson回归分析方法，探讨流行性腮腺炎报告事件的特征和影响因素。结果:2004—2020年中国流行性腮腺炎报告突发公共卫生事件总数5 229起，总体呈波动性下降；报告事件总数居前5位的地区是重庆、湖南、贵州、广西、甘肃；报告事件级别以一般事件为主；发生地主要在小学和初中；事件报告较及时，但处置时间较长(最短30 d)。2008年全国开展1剂流行性腮腺炎疫苗接种后各年报告事件起数未超过2008年水平；实行2剂疫苗接种的北京、上海、天津报告事件数较少；2008—2020年流行性腮腺炎报告事件数均高于同期实行2剂免疫策略的麻疹、风疹，提示免疫接种对防止疫情暴发产生了一定的效果。2020年流行性腮腺炎突发事件报告数量达到报告以来最低，提示我国在采取严格防范措施预防新型冠状病毒肺炎的同时也预防了流行性腮腺炎的暴发流行。流行性腮腺炎突发公共卫生事件影响因素Poisson回归发现，突发事件的数量与各地年报告发病率和免疫接种策略有关，1剂免疫接种地区发生突发事件的可能性是2剂地区的3.924～32.284倍。结论:接种疫苗是防止流行性腮腺炎暴发流行的重要手段，随着我国从2020年6月开始实施2剂流行性腮腺炎疫苗接种的免疫策略，预计突发公共卫生事件报告数量呈进一步下降趋势。“,”Objective:To deeply analyze the public health emergency reports of mumps in China, provide the basis for scientific prevention of mumps.Methods:Descriptive epidemiology and Poisson regression analysis were used to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of reported emergencies of mumps.Results:The total number of reported mumps emergencies in China from 2004 to 2020 was 5 229. Overall tendency of the number of reported emergencies was regarded as decreasing with fluctuation. Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Gansu were the top five regions in the total number of reported emergencyies.The level of reported events was mainly general, most of reported emergencies occurred in primary and secondary schools. The events were reported more timely, the responding time was long (the minimum 30 d). After one dose of mumps vaccine was carried out nationwide in 2008, the number of reported emergencies in each year did not exceed the level of 2008, the number of reported events in Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin with 2 dose of mumps vaccine was less than that of other regions, In 2008-2020, the number of reported emergencies of mumps was higher than that of measles and rubella in the same period, which indicated that 2 dose immunization had a certain effect on preventing the outbreak of measle and rubella. The lowest reported number of emergencies of mumps reached in 2020, suggesting that China has taken strict precautions against Coronavirus Disease 2019 and prevented the outbreak of mumps at the same time.Poisson regression of mumps outbreak revealed that the number of outbreaks was related to the reported incidence rate and vaccination strategy in each region. The emergency possibility of 1 dose vaccination was 3.924-32.284 times of 2 doses.Conclusions:Vaccination is an important means to prevent the outbreak of mumps. With the implementation of the immunization strategy of two doses of mumps vaccine in China from June 2020, the number of emergency reports of mumps is expected to further decline.