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纳米金是金的微小颗粒,在水溶液中以胶体金的形态存在。胶体金的颜色会随着其粒径及表面修饰差异而发生变化,这种颜色变化可通过肉眼观察;同时,这种改变会产生强烈的光散射或光吸收信号。基于这种信号而建立的纳米金比色检测法,已被广泛用于生物分子(如核酸、蛋白质、多糖甚至是细胞)的检测。DNA功能化纳米生物传感器是利用核酸碱基配对原则进行识别,能实现特定基因片段的持续、快速、灵敏和选择性检测。本文结合最近十年的研究现状,主要论述了DNA功能化纳米金用于比色检测法的原理及用于核酸、蛋白质和部分生物小分子的检测,并评述了其中的挑战和前景。
Gold nano-gold is a small particles, in the form of colloidal gold in aqueous solution. The color of colloidal gold varies with its particle size and surface modification, and the color change can be observed with the naked eye; at the same time, this change produces a strong signal of light scattering or light absorption. Nanogold colorimetric assay based on this signal has been widely used for the detection of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides and even cells. DNA-functionalized nanobiosensors are based on the principle of nucleic acid base pairing to allow for the sustained, rapid, sensitive and selective detection of specific gene fragments. In this paper, the recent ten years of research status, mainly discusses the DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles for the principle of colorimetric detection methods and for the detection of nucleic acids, proteins and some small biological molecules, and reviews the challenges and prospects.