在《小雅》的七十四首诗中,被前人视为政治讽谏诗的有十余首。这类诗着眼于对国政的针砭和讽谏君王或上层执政,《节南山》、《正月》、《十月之交》就是其中的力作,是我国政治讽谏诗的奠基作品。通过这三首诗,可以略窥《小雅》中政治讽谏诗的一般特征。 政治讽谏诗产生于西周濒将灭亡之际,厉王、幽王之时。郑玄《诗谱序》说:“厉也,幽也,政教尤衰,周室大坏,众国纷然,刺怨相寻”,《汉书·礼乐志》亦说:“周道始缺,怨刺之诗起。”显然,政治讽谏诗的产生背景,是由于西周末世政治昏乱、国君荒淫无道、上层统治者骄奢横暴所引发的。透过这些政治讽谏诗,人们可以看到西周末世的政治社会兴衰败落的历史 In the seventy-four poems of Xiaoya, there are more than ten poems regarded by the predecessors as political satire poems. This kind of poem looks at the pinch of the state administration and the remonstration of the king or upper ruling class. The festival Nanshan, the first lunar month, and the handover of October are the masterpieces of these poems and the foundation work of the political irony in our country. Through these three poems, we can glimpse the general features of the political irony poems in Xiaoya. Political irony poems produced in the Western Zhou Dynasty on the verge of the demise of the occasion, Li Wang, King of the time. Zheng Xuan “Poetry Preface,” said: “Li also, You also, especially the decline of church and state, Zhou room big bad, all over the country, complaining about the search,” “Book of Rites and Music” also said: “thoughtful Lacking, blaming priest’s poem. ”Obviously, the background of political satirical poems stemmed from the dizzying political ruin in Western Wei Dynasty and the monarch’s absurdity and the arrogance of the upper rulers. Through these political irony poems, one can see the history of the rise and fall of political society in the Western Wei Dynasty