一、前言对虾类是甲壳动物中经济价值较高的类群,也是世界各国水产增养殖业的重要对象。据统计,1990年世界对虾养殖总产量达66.3万吨。我国是养虾大国,对虾养殖年产量已达到30多万吨,在现有的养殖条件下,如何提高养殖产量,降低养殖成本,提高养殖对虾的品质,是摆在研究人员面前的重要任务。利用生物遗传育种技术进行对虾的品种改良,培育出优良的养殖品系,是达到上述目的的有效途径。水产动物遗传育种研究在鱼类起步较 I. Preface The shrimp is a group of crustaceans with higher economic value and is also an important target of aquaculture and breeding in various countries in the world. According to statistics, the total output of world shrimp farming in 1990 reached 663,000 tons. China is a shrimp-producing country. The annual output of shrimp farming has reached more than 300,000 tons. Under the current breeding conditions, it is an important task for researchers to raise the yield of breeding, reduce the cost of breeding and raise the quality of cultured shrimp. The use of biogenetic breeding technology for shrimp breed improvement, breed of excellent breeding lines, is an effective way to achieve these goals. Aquatic animal genetic breeding research in fish started more