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近年研究证实胚胎期和成年哺乳动物的神经组织及人脑中可以分离出神经干细胞。干细胞可被生长因子诱导而增殖并保持分化成神经元及胶质细胞的潜能，移植后能在宿主的神经组织中良好地生存、整和及分化，并且通过基因操作可表达外源性基因。本文就神经干细胞的生物学特性及其在颅脑损伤和其它神经系统疾病中的基因治疗前景进行综述。
In recent years, studies have shown that neural stem cells can be isolated from neural tissue and human brain in embryonic and adult mammals. Stem cells can be induced by growth factors to proliferate and maintain their potential to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. After transplantation, they can survive, integrate and differentiate in the nerve tissue of the host and can express exogenous genes by genetic manipulation. This article reviews the biological properties of neural stem cells and their potential for gene therapy in craniocerebral injury and other neurological diseases.