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维果茨基认为学生的发展有两种水平:一种是学生的现有水平,指独立活动时所能达到的解决问题的水平;另一种是学生可能的发展水平,也就是通过教学所获得的潜力。两者之间的差异就是最近发展区。他认为,教学应着眼于学生的最近发展区,为学生提供带有难度的内容,调动学生的积极性,发挥其潜能,超越其最近发展区而达到其可能发展到的水平,然后在此基础上进行下一个发展区的发展。他强调,走在发展前面的教学,才是好的教学,因为它使学生的潜在发展水平不断提高。
Vygotsky believes that there are two levels of student development: one is the current level of students, the level of problem-solving that can be achieved when independent activities are performed, the other is the level of development that students may develop, that is, through teaching Gain potential. The difference between the two is the recent development zone. He believes that teaching should focus on the student’s recent development zone, provide students with difficult content, mobilize the enthusiasm of students, develop their potential, beyond its recent development zone to reach its possible level of development, and then on this basis Carry out the development of the next development zone. He emphasized that teaching in front of development is good teaching as it enables students to continually advance their potential development.