一、世纪之交西方哲学的危机哲学作为一门学科的存在在19世纪末20世纪初的欧洲各国都面临着前所未有的重大危机,甚至哲学家们的社会作用都受到了普遍的怀疑和攻击。这一历史情节开始于19世纪下半叶的德国,当时黑格尔的唯心论遭到普遍攻击,在哲学上取而代之并在整个意识形态领域中逐渐占主导地位的是所谓的“科学的自然主义”。但在自然主义之后,哲学家们不 First, the turn of the century Crisis philosophy of Western philosophy as a subject existence In the late 19th century early 20th century European countries are facing an unprecedented crisis, and even the philosopher’s social role are subject to widespread suspicion and attack. This historical episode began in Germany in the second half of the 19th century when Hegelian idealism was universally attacked and replaced by philosophy and gradually dominated throughout the ideological sphere as the so-called “scientific naturalism ”. But after naturalism, philosophers do not