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将具有传热不可逆性的动力装置功率优化传热原理扩展到流体流动分析。存在流体阻力的活塞—汽缸装置可作出有用功率。导出功率输出与效率间的关系，包含了最大效率、最大功率及其相应效率等结果。分析了活塞摩擦损失、非线性压降流率关系对性能的影响。讨论了总体尺寸约束下的性能优化问题。将所得结果与内可逆热机、等温内可逆化学机和电路特性作了比较。本文结果可应用于稳态轴功率部件，如透平、压气机和泵的性能分析与优化中。
Optimize heat transfer principle of power plant with heat transfer irreversibility to fluid flow analysis. Piston-cylinder devices with fluid resistance can make useful power. Derive the relationship between power output and efficiency, including the maximum efficiency, maximum power and the corresponding efficiency results. The influence of piston friction loss and nonlinear pressure drop on the performance is analyzed. The performance optimization problem under the constraints of overall size is discussed. The results obtained are compared with those of endoreversible thermo-mechanical and isothermal endoreversible chemical machines and circuits. The results of this paper can be applied to the performance analysis and optimization of steady-state shaft power components such as turbines, compressors and pumps.