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文章为纪念苏联新哲学运动50周年而作。正是在20世纪60年代那场思想解放运动中,诞生了现代意义上的俄罗斯(苏联)科学哲学。而以苏联解体和苏联哲学的终结为界,又可以把俄罗斯(苏联)科学哲学划分为两种研究范式:逻辑-认识论范式和社会-文化论范式。这种范式转换既是俄罗斯(苏联)科学哲学学科内部逻辑演变的结果,也是与西方科学哲学趋同演化的结果。在社会文化的历史背景之下分析科学活动,把科学哲学研究与科学社会学或科学元勘结合起来,是俄罗斯新科学哲学的发展趋势。
The article commemorates the 50th anniversary of the Soviet new philosophy movement. It was in the ideological liberation movement in the 1960s that the Russian (Soviet) philosophy of science was born in the modern sense. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Soviet philosophy as a boundary, the philosophy of science in Russia (the Soviet Union) can be divided into two research paradigms: the logic-epistemological paradigm and the social-cultural paradigm. This paradigm shift is not only the result of the logical evolution within the philosophy of science in Russia (Soviet Union), but also the convergence with the evolution of Western philosophy of science. Analyzing the scientific activities under the historical background of social culture and combining scientific philosophy research with scientific sociology or scientific meta-exploration is the development trend of Russian new philosophy of science.