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上个世纪的环境污染造成了健康问题,土地和湖水的酸化以及对文化遗产的损害。不仅露天的文物受环境污染的影响,地下文物也因此遭受不测。然而到目前为止,我们对地下文物受损状况的研究相当有限,而对这个被忽视的领域给予重视是相当重要的。在此文中,我们将报道在瑞典国家文化遗产委员会得到的有关文物受损的研究结果;这些文物是来自史前墓穴中的青铜器、铁器和骨器考古物品,它们的材料仿佛受到污染的影响最大。对调查时采用的方法作了介绍,并对其它相关的研究做了简要的综述。近年来,历史文物(特别是无机材质的文物)遭受侵蚀的速度已明显加快,而文物侵蚀速度的上升主要归因于人类造成的污染。对于污染可能危及的区域,在文中将举例说明。
Environmental pollution in the last century has caused health problems, acidification of land and lakes, and damage to cultural heritage. Not only the open-air cultural relics affected by environmental pollution, so underground artifacts suffered unexpected. However, so far, the research on the damage of underground relics has been quite limited. It is quite important to pay attention to this neglected area. In this article, we will report on the findings of the study on the damage to cultural relics acquired at the Swedish National Council for Cultural Heritage; the bronze, iron and bone archeological artifacts from prehistoric graves, whose materials appear to be the most polluted. The methods used in the survey were introduced, and other related studies were briefly reviewed. In recent years, historical cultural relics (especially inorganic cultural relics) have eroded significantly faster, and the rate of cultural relics erosion is mainly due to human-induced pollution. For the possible pollution of the area, in the text will be exemplified.