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一、电场的基本性质1.电场力的性质库仑定律:F:(kQ_1Q_2)/(r~2),电场力:F=qE。注意:电场强度只与场源处电荷有关,与检验电荷无关。电场线形象直观地反映电场的强弱与方向。疏密表示电场的强弱,而切线方向表示电场的方向。2.电场能的性质(1)电势与电势差:U_(AB)=W/q,电势高低与零势点的选择有关,但电势差与零势点的选择无关。(2)电势的变化规律:沿着电场线的方向,电势是逐渐降低的。
First, the basic properties of the electric field 1. The nature of the electric field Coulomb’s law: F: (kQ_1Q_2) / (r ~ 2), electric field force: F = qE. Note: The electric field strength is only related to the charge at the field source, and has nothing to do with the test charge. The electric field image reflects the strength and direction of the electric field intuitively. Density indicates the strength of the electric field, while the tangential direction indicates the direction of the electric field. 2. The nature of the electric field (1) Potential and potential difference: U_ (AB) = W / q, the potential of the potential with the choice of zero potential, but the potential difference has nothing to do with the choice of zero point. (2) The change rule of electric potential: The electric potential is gradually reduced along the direction of the electric field line.