本文从系统论出发,对现代语言学理论尤其是20世纪西方语言学流派进行了梳理,并认为,20世纪语言学理论虽然派别分明,但存在共同的方法论基础——语言系统观;它们都研究了语言系统的不同方面,强调了语言系统的不同特征。同时,本文也指出了20世纪西方语言学理论尚存的不足,未来可在这些不足的基础上展开研究。 Based on the theory of system, this paper combs the theories of modern linguistics, especially the schools of western linguistics in the 20th century. It holds that although the linguistic theories of the 20th century were distinct in terms of their factions, there is a common methodological basis - the linguistic system; all of them Different aspects of the language system emphasize the different features of the language system. At the same time, this paper also points out the insufficiency of western linguistic theories in the 20th century. In the future, we can study on the basis of these deficiencies.