论文部分内容阅读
《公民及政治权利国际公约》是联合国通过的最重要的人权条约之一。该《公约》存在三个不同的中文本:1966年联合国大会通过的原始文本(称为《公民及政治权利国际盟约》),2002年联合国根据中国政府的要求修改的中文本(称为《公民及政治权利国际公约》),还有现在通行中文本(称为《公民权利及政治权利国际公约》。笔者发现通行的中文本内容与原始文本有重大变化,其来源和法律依据均不明确,有从英文本翻译而成的痕迹,而且存在若干翻译错误。本文通过对该《公约》中文本和外文本的研究,辨析了现在通行的中文本中的各种问题,包括:名称、男女平等、死刑、酷刑、假释、逮捕、法庭交叉询问等有关条款中存在的错误,指出了这些条款的真实含义。文章还提出了确定《公约》作准中文本的途径和方法,并探讨了《公约》的批准时间和相关条款的保留问题。最后,本文还阐述了中国司法改革所取得的成果,认为中国的人权保障,特别是在刑事司法领域中的人权保障,已经取得了巨大进步,分析了中国在准备批准《公约》过程中需要注意的事项,建议中国尽快批准该《公约》,并可以在批准《公约》之后,根据中国《宪法》和《公约》的有关规定逐步完善国内法,以便进一步促进司法改革,落实中国《宪法》和法律中“尊重和保障人权”的条款。
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights is one of the most important human rights treaties adopted by the United Nations. The Convention contains three different Chinese texts: the original text adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1966 (known as the “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights”), the Chinese version (revised in 2002 by the UN at the request of the Chinese government And the International Covenant on Political Rights), and the Chinese version now in force (referred to as the “International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.”) The author finds that there is a major change in the content of the Chinese version of the passage from the original text, and its source and legal basis are not clear. There are traces of translating from English, and there are some mistakes in translation.Through the study of the Chinese and foreign texts of the “Convention”, the dissertation analyzes various problems in the current Chinese texts, including the name, equality between men and women , The death penalty, torture, parole, arrest, court interrogation and other relevant provisions of the error, pointed out the true meaning of these provisions.The article also proposed to determine the “Convention” as the avenue and method of text, and explored the “Convention” The ratification of time and related provisions.Finally, this article also elaborates on the achievements of China’s judicial reform and holds that human rights in China Great progress has been made in safeguarding human rights, especially in the field of criminal justice. It analyzes the issues that China needs to be aware of in preparing for the ratification of the “Convention,” advises China to ratify the “Convention” as soon as possible and ratify the “Convention” Afterwards, it will gradually improve its domestic laws in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese Constitution and the Convention so as to further promote judicial reform and implement the provisions of the Constitution and laws of China that respect and guarantee human rights.