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基于理性经济人假设,现代主流经济学把人类个体视为基于计算理性的自利实现者,并由此发展了系列经济理论;但是,这种分析思维仅仅依赖于非现实的先验假设,而与现实世界的人类行为反差巨大。同时,结合需求定律,现代主流经济学又发展出了成本-收益分析范式,并将之作为行为和决策的基础;但是,这种分析范式往往只是考虑短期的和局部的利益,而忽视了经济以外的其他社会目标。此外,基于“无形的手”原理,现代主流经济学认为由理性个体构成的市场也是有效的,并热衷于基于理性原则的市场机制设计;但是,大量经验事实和实验数据却表明,这些市场设计在实践中并非是有效的。所有这些,都对现代主流经济学的基石——理性经济人构成了挑战,要求重新审视真实世界中的行为基础。
Based on the assumption of rational economic man, modern mainstream economics regards human beings as self-serving agents based on computational rationality and develops a series of economic theories; however, this analytical thinking relies solely on unrealistic a priori assumptions, Contrast with the real world human behavior. At the same time, in combination with the law of demand, the modern mainstream economics has developed a cost-benefit analysis paradigm as a basis for behavior and decision-making. However, this paradigm often only considers short-term and partial benefits while neglecting the economy Other than the social goals. In addition, based on the “invisible hand” principle, modern mainstream economics considers the market composed of rational individuals to be effective and keen on the design of market mechanisms based on rational principles. However, a large number of empirical facts and experimental data show that these Market design is not effective in practice. All of these challenges the rational economic man, the cornerstone of modern mainstream economics, and require a re-examination of the behavioral foundations of the real world.