现代产科的总目的是提高胎儿、新生儿和儿童的身体素质,即是每个妇女都能在身体、精神和心理上达到最佳时妊娠。这种目的,十年前 Aubry 和 Penning-ton 已阐明。他们发展了产科预防措施的概念,强调识别和评价高危妊娠。其围产期观点强调在妊娠时甚至受孕前进行预防措施。此后不久,Nesbitt 报导,孕期监护重点放在生殖咨询、筛选和妊娠时间的选择与其个人全部心理健康状况的关系。最近十年对提高产前识别胎儿发育异常的危险性及新生儿问题已作了很大努力。围产医学和新生儿学已发展成为产科和儿科领域内的一个新学科。高危妊娠特殊的围产保健制度表明监护重点明显改变,使胎儿和母亲一样在孕期变成为主要病人。因此,产科医生就成为未出生胎儿的儿科医生和母亲的 The general purpose of modern obstetrics is to improve the physical fitness of the fetus, newborn and child, that is, every woman has the best physical, mental and psychological pregnancy. For this purpose, Aubry and Pennington have clarified ten years ago. They developed the concept of obstetric preventive measures, emphasizing the identification and evaluation of high-risk pregnancies. The perinatal perspective emphasizes precautionary measures even during pregnancy. Shortly thereafter, Nesbitt reported that pregnancy monitoring focuses on the relationship between reproductive counseling, screening and timing of pregnancy, and all of her personal mental health. In the recent decade, great efforts have been made to increase the risk of prenatal identification of fetal development abnormalities and neonatal problems. Perinatal medicine and neonatal science have developed into a new discipline in the fields of obstetrics and pediatrics. The special perinatal care system for high-risk pregnancies shows that the focus of care has changed significantly so that the fetus and mother become predominant during pregnancy. As a result, the obstetrician becomes the pediatrician and mother of the unborn child