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为了调查贵州某煤矿和汞矿周边环境及动植物镉含量,了解其周边环境及动植物镉污染状况,试验采用“蛇形”布点采样法采集蔬菜、粮食、牧草、水体、土壤以及畜禽组织样品,样品经微波消解后用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行测定。结果表明:煤矿周边稻米镉含量为国家限量值的12.44倍,汞矿含量为国家限量值的5.38倍,均属于重度污染,其他水体、土壤、蔬菜也有不同程度的镉污染。畜禽组织镉污染程度从高到低依次为牛、猪、羊、鸡、鸭,其中含镉量较高组织主要集中在肾脏、肝脏、肠和肺脏,其中牛肾脏镉含量为国家限量值11.07倍,牛肝脏镉含量为国家限量值7.81倍,均属于重度污染,而肌肉中镉含量符合国家标准。说明煤矿和汞矿周边环境以及动植物均存在不同程度的镉污染。
In order to investigate the surrounding environment and the cadmium content of animals and plants in a coal mine and mercury mine in Guizhou and understand the surrounding environment and the cadmium pollution of animals and plants, the experiment adopted “snake” spot sampling method to collect vegetables, grain, grass, water, soil and livestock Poultry tissue samples, samples after microwave digestion using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were measured. The results showed that the content of cadmium in rice around the coal mines was 12.44 times of the national limit and the content of mercury mine was 5.38 times the national limit, all of them were heavy pollution. Other water bodies, soil and vegetables also had different levels of cadmium pollution. The levels of cadmium pollution in livestock and poultry tissues were cattle, pig, sheep, chicken and duck, with the highest cadmium content in the kidney, liver, intestine and lung. The cadmium content in cattle kidney was 11.07 Times, the liver cadmium content of 7.81 times the national limit, are heavily contaminated, and muscle cadmium content in line with national standards. This shows that there are different levels of cadmium pollution in the surrounding environment and the flora and fauna of coal mines and mercury mines.