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目的 评价健康教育对社区高血压人群膳食及血脂状况的影响。方法 对上海社区高血压人群进行膳食调查及血脂分析。将高血压人群随机分为干预组和对照组 ,对干预组进行为期一年的高血压及营养健教 ,然后再对两组人群进行膳食调查及血脂分析。结果 居民膳食中脂肪供能比例大于总热能的 30 % ;钙及视黄醇摄入量不足 ;膳食模式中肉类偏多 ,奶类偏少 ,食盐摄入量超过 6 g/d·人 ;三餐热能分配不合理 ,早餐过少 ,晚餐过多 ;血清TC、TG、LDL3项指标均高于正常值。健康干预后 ,干预组在脂肪摄入上明显降低 ,脂肪供能比例占总热能的 30 %以下 ;钙及视黄醇摄入量有所增加 ;在膳食模式方面 ,水果、奶类摄入量明显增加 ;血清TC和LDL水平明显下降。而对照组膳食状况及血脂水平在宣教前后变化不大。结论 高血压及营养宣教活动对提高高血压人群的营养知识水平 ,树立合理的膳食模式是有效和可行的。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on the diet and lipid profile in community-based hypertensive population. Methods Dietary survey and blood lipid analysis of hypertension in Shanghai community. Hypertensive patients were randomly divided into intervention group and control group, the intervention group for one year of hypertension and nutrition education, and then two groups of people for dietary surveys and blood lipids. Results The percentage of dietary fat in the diet was greater than 30% of the total calories, while the intake of calcium and retinol was insufficient. In the dietary patterns, the number of meat was too much, the amount of milk was less, and the salt intake exceeded 6 g / d. Three meals were unreasonable heat distribution, breakfast too little, too much dinner; serum TC, TG, LDL3 indicators were higher than normal. After health intervention, the intervention group significantly reduced fat intake, fat energy ratio accounted for less than 30% of total energy; calcium and retinol intake increased; in the diet mode, fruits, milk intake Significantly increased; serum TC and LDL levels decreased significantly. The control group dietary status and blood lipid levels did not change significantly before and after the mission. Conclusion Hypertension and nutrition education activities to improve the nutrition knowledge of hypertension population, to establish a reasonable diet mode is effective and feasible.