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历史回顾本世纪初Ehrlich首先提出把抗体用作抗癌剂载体的设想。这样的抗体将特异地识别靶组织上的抗原,使交联在抗体上的药物理想地进入这些组织。为达此目的,首先必须在肿瘤细胞上找到特异性抗原,其次必须找到能大量生产此特异性抗体的方法。四十年代发现肿瘤相关抗原(TAA);进一步的研究表明,肿瘤抗原可分为胞浆抗原[甲胎蛋白(AFP)和癌胚抗原(CEA)等也属此类]和胞膜抗原,前者主要存于胞浆中,且可大量释放或分泌到体液中,在病人血清或其它体液甚至尿液中可查到它们;后者则存于瘤细胞表面,很少释放进体液,故而在病人血清中难以测知它们,但这类抗
Historical review At the beginning of this century, Ehrlich first proposed the use of antibodies as carriers for anticancer agents. Such antibodies will specifically recognize the antigen on the target tissue, allowing the drug crosslinked on the antibody to ideally enter these tissues. To achieve this goal, specific antigens must first be found on tumor cells, and secondly methods must be found to produce this specific antibody in large quantities. Tumor-associated antigen (TAA) was discovered in the 1940s; further studies have shown that tumor antigens can be divided into cytoplasmic antigens (AFP and CEA) and membrane antigens, the former It is mainly stored in the cytoplasm and can be released or secreted into body fluids in large quantities. It can be found in patient’s serum or other body fluids or even urine; the latter is deposited on the surface of tumor cells and is rarely released into body fluids, so it is in patients. It is difficult to detect them in serum but this type of resistance