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学生解题时常常误入歧途而不能自拔,最后以失败告终。究其原因不外乎思维单调、片面,往往“一条道走到黑”,不善于扩展和转移。为此教师要教会学生掌握思路的基本形式及扩展方法,进行多向思维训练。一、思路的基本形式(串、并联法) 解题时要求由已知条件求出未知量来,从已知到未知(或从未知到已知)的中间的思维过程称为思维链,链的基本形式可分为串联和并联两种。所谓串(联)链就是根据因果关系从已知条件找到一个突破口,根据公式求出第一个中间量,再根据另一公式求出第二个中间量……最后直到求出未知量为止(如图1)。
When students solve problems, they often go astray and fail to extricate themselves. Finally, they end up in failure. The reasons for this are nothing more than monotonous thinking and one-sided thinking. They often “go to the black in one way” and are not good at expansion and transfer. To this end, teachers must teach students to grasp the basic forms of thinking and methods of expansion, and conduct multi-directional thinking training. First, the basic form of thinking (string, parallel method) Solve the problem by asking unknown conditions from the known conditions, from the known to the unknown (or from unknown to known) in the middle of the thinking process is called the thinking chain, the chain The basic form can be divided into series and parallel. The so-called string (joint) chain is based on a causal relationship from a known condition to find a breakthrough, according to the formula to find the first intermediate quantity, and then find the second intermediate quantity according to another formula... Finally, until the unknown quantity is determined ( Figure 1).