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目的了解实施扩大免疫规划后呼伦贝尔市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)流行病学情况,为进一步防控HFRS疫情提供理论依据。方法用描述流行病学方法对疫情资料进行分析,利用血清流行病学调查流行地区人群抗体水平。结果呼伦贝尔市HFRS发病率呈下降趋势,但莫力达瓦旗发病率呈逐年上升趋势;2009-2013年各年HFRS的流行均具有较强的季节性;发病年龄主要在20~64岁之间,农民占72.75%(275/378);流行地区人群血清Ig G抗体阳性率为47.17%,人群隐性感染率为33.33%,女性抗体阳性率高于男性,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.290,P>0.05),农民隐性感染率为7.86%;鼠密度和鼠带病毒率呈逐年上升趋势。结论应急接种策略降低了呼伦贝尔市HFRS的发病率,在高流行地区继续加强高危人群的应急接种,有利于进一步控制疫情。
Objective To understand the epidemiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hulunbuir after the expansion of immunization program and provide a theoretical basis for further prevention and control of HFRS epidemic. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze epidemic situation data and serological epidemiology was used to investigate population antibody levels in endemic areas. Results The morbidity of HFRS in Hulunbeier was decreasing, but the incidence of Moridava was increasing year by year. The prevalence of HFRS in 2009-2013 was highly seasonal. The age of onset was mainly between 20 and 64 years old (275/378). The prevalence of Ig G antibody in the population of the endemic areas was 47.17% and the latent infection rate of the population was 33.33%. The positive rate of the female antibody was higher than that of the male, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 2.290, P> 0.05). The latent infection rate of peasants was 7.86%. The rat density and the rate of rodent viruses showed an increasing trend year by year. Conclusions The emergency inoculation strategy reduces the incidence of HFRS in Hulunbuir. Continuing to strengthen emergency vaccination in high-risk areas in high endemic areas is conducive to further control of the epidemic.