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补体系统的存在使宿主能以相对非特异性的方式对微生物入侵立即进行抵抗。补体激活通常对机体有益,但持久和过度激活,如在广泛损伤或感染后,补体主要成份的过度消耗可带来有害影响,并可导致脓毒症休克和多器官衰竭(MOF)。补体系统补体系统由20种以上血清蛋白质组成,其稳定的非生物活性片段循环于血管内间隙,包括C1到C9(经典途径)和裂解素(旁路)。其补体的活化级联是一连锁酶促反应,可经经典途径或替代途径所激活。经典途径是由抗原抗体复合物激活,在无抗体情况下也可为G~-细菌、寄生虫、内毒素脂质A成份、线粒体膜和多核肽物质激活。而替代途径无需抗体参与或先行免疫,是对有害抗原立即抵御的一种方式。已知的激活因子有细菌、真菌、病毒和肿瘤细胞等。两种途径都汇集为C3裂解反应,其后的反应为最终共同途径。
The presence of the complement system allows the host to immediately resist microorganism invasion in a relatively non-specific manner. Complement activation is usually beneficial to the body, but long-lasting and over-active, such as over-consumption of the major components of the complement, can have detrimental effects upon extensive injury or infection and can lead to septic shock and multiple organ failure (MOF). The complement system The complement system consists of more than 20 serum proteins whose stable, non-biologically active fragments circulate in the intravascular space, including the C1 to C9 (classical pathway) and the lytic (bypass). The complement activation cascade is a chain reaction, which can be activated by the classical pathway or alternative pathway. The classical pathway is activated by the antigen-antibody complex, and in the absence of antibodies it can also be activated by G ~ -bacteria, parasites, endotoxin lipid A components, mitochondrial membrane and multinucleate peptide substances. Alternative approaches do not require antibody participation or priming, and are a way to immediately resist harmful antigens. Known activation factors are bacteria, fungi, viruses and tumor cells. Both pathways converge on the C3 cleavage reaction and the subsequent reaction is the final common pathway.