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定势思维是指人们以一种固定的思路和习惯去思考问题的思维倾向,也称习惯性思维,它既表现为思维的一种倾向性,又表现为思维的一种惰性和呆板性,因此它具有积极和消极的两面。当这种习惯思路与实际问题的解决途径一致时,能产生正面的影响,有利于问题的解决。反之,若这种习惯思路与实际问题的解决途径相悖或不尽相同时,就会产生负面的影响,这样会造成解决问题的错误,或者使学生的思路陷入误区。在教学中,发挥定势思维的积极作用,避免或转化定势思维的消极作用,是非常重要的。
Fixed-set thinking refers to the tendency of people to think in a fixed way of thinking and habits. It is also called habitual thinking. It represents both a tendency of thinking and a kind of inertness and dullness of thinking. So it has both positive and negative sides. When this customary thinking is consistent with the solution to practical problems, it can have a positive impact and help solve the problem. On the other hand, if this customary thinking is not the same or different from the solution to the actual problem, it will have a negative impact, which will result in mistakes in the solution of the problem or in the misunderstanding of the students’ ideas. In teaching, it is very important to give full play to the positive role of stereotyped thinking and avoid or transform the negative effects of stereotyped thinking.