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笔者对重庆三峡博物馆“汉代沙坪坝石棺”进行较为系统的考察,力图对该文物造型中的形制特征进行较为深入的阐述,并尝试从画像的内容与当时人们的丧葬观念角度进行分析。西南地区历史悠久,文化深厚,艺术形式多样。本地土著石棺历史久远,到夏商饶舜时期已经产生了极强的审美样式,早期石棺葬目前主要发现于青藏高原东部,如岷江上游、青衣江上游、大渡河下游、川西高原等地,而重庆地区石棺相对于川西北地区文化时期相对滞后,早期现于战国,主要集中秦汉及之后时期。地域主要发现于沙坪坝区、璧山县、合川县等地。自秦、汉以致汉末三国期间,为道教学术思想的孕育阶段,在汉代宗教以道教为主。汉初黄老之学影响较大,汉武帝采纳董仲舒的意见“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”后,儒家文化成为主流,西汉后期谶纬之风流行,这些不同时期的思想观念对汉石棺画像都产生不同的影响。
The author makes a systematic study of the “Three Gorges Museum” in Chongqing, “the Shapingba sarcophagus,” and tries to make a more elaborate description of the shape features of the artifact and try to analyze the content of the portrait and funeral concepts of the people at that time. Southwest has a long history, profound culture, diverse forms of art. The local indigenous sarcophagus has a long history and has had a very strong aesthetic style to the Xia Shangrao period. Early sarcophagi were mainly found in the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, such as the upper reaches of Minjiang River, the upper reaches of Qingyi River, the lower reaches of Dadu River and the western Sichuan Plateau. The sarcophagus in Chongqing is relatively lagging behind the cultural period in northwestern Sichuan, and now it was mainly located in the Warring States Period, mainly in the Qin and Han dynasties. The main areas found in Shapingba District, Bishan County, Hechuan County and other places. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, during the period from the end of the Han Dynasty to the end of the Three Kingdoms, Taoism dominated the Taoist religious thought during the Han period. In the early Han Dynasty, Huanglaozhi had a great influence. After Emperor Han Wudi adopted the opinion of Dong Zhongshu, Confucianism became the mainstream after “strike one hundred schools, respect Confucianism only” Images have different effects.