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自然环境会在文化中留下印记。为了生存,在北极和亚北极地区居住的人们需要了解各种状态下的雪和冰。在挪威、瑞典和芬兰北部地区居住的人们使用的北方萨阿米语中对雪和冰的表述,便来自不同层次的冰雪所呈现的自然条件。此外,气候和温度条件的变化也常常会融入这些表述之中。这些词汇最基本的意义之中还包括人们根据实际需要所衡量的雪的数量和质量。作者在本文中展示了有关雪的状态和层次的词汇,与驯鹿的迁移和草场有关的词汇以及冰雪中不同路径的词汇。这些词汇都是名词。在不同的衍生变化中,表述雪、冰、冻结和融化的名词、动词和形容词很容易就可以数出上千种。通过分析这类语言,我们可以了解到很多有关极地地区冰雪状态和动物与人生存状态的情况。
The natural environment leaves a mark in the culture. In order to survive, people living in the Arctic and sub-Arctic countries need to know about snow and ice in all conditions. The expressions of snow and ice in the northern Saami spoken by people living in Norway, Sweden and northern Finland come from the natural conditions presented by different levels of ice and snow. In addition, changes in climate and temperature conditions are also often incorporated into these statements. Among the most basic meanings of these words is the amount and quality of snow that people measure according to actual needs. In this article, the author shows glossary on the state and level of snow, words related to reindeer’s migration and pasture, and terms for different paths in ice and snow. These words are all nouns. Among the different derivative variations, there are thousands of nouns, verbs and adjectives that describe snow, ice, freezing, and melting. By analyzing such languages, we can learn a lot about the state of ice and snow in the polar regions and the living conditions of animals and humans.