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为了综合利用秸秆并且提高秸秆的附加值,通过采用Leica显微镜测定秸秆纤维形态,SPSS 17.0统计分析纤维长宽比,Design-expert 6.0.10区组对比分析秸秆、纤维间理化特性差异和秸秆纤维间抗张强度的差异,对几种秸秆纤维的理化特性及机械打浆特性进行了研究。结果表明:1)大豆秸秆纤维粗大,棉秆纤维细小,茄秆和烟杆纤维介于二者之间;0.25~0.50 mm组分纤维长宽比最小,因此在打浆前可采用筛分工艺,利于纤维分支化,大豆秸秆纤维和茄子秸秆纤维长宽比大,更利于纤维帚化;2)经加工后的大豆秸秆纤维中半纤维素显著增加,纤维素和木质素显著下降,可以提高纸的强度,降低纸的脆性,因此适宜加工纸制产品;3)几种秸秆纤维叩解度与打浆时间呈乘幂数增加,湿重与打浆时间呈二次多项式负相关;生产中大豆秸秆和茄子秸秆可在150 min时测定叩解度,烟秆和棉秆可在250 min时测定叩解度;烟秆纤维抗张强度显著大于其他几种秸秆。
In order to comprehensively utilize straw and increase the added value of straw, the straw fiber morphology was determined by Leica microscope and the fiber aspect ratio was analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Compared with the Design-expert 6.0.10 block analysis, straw and fiber physical and chemical properties differences and straw fiber inter- Tensile strength of the differences in the physical and chemical properties of several straw fibers and mechanical beating properties were studied. The results showed that: 1) Soybean straw fiber is coarse, the fiber of cotton stalk is small, the stems and tobacco stems are between them; the aspect ratio of 0.25 ~ 0.50 mm fiber is the smallest, so screening process can be used before beating, Which is beneficial to fiber branching. The aspect ratio of soybean straw fiber and eggplant straw fiber is large, which is more conducive to fiber brooming. 2) The hemicellulose content in the processed soybean straw fiber is significantly increased, the cellulose and lignin are significantly decreased, 3) The beating degree and beating time of several kinds of straw fiber increased exponentially, and the wet weight and beating time were quadratic polynomial negatively correlated. The production of soybean stalk and eggplant The beating degree of straw can be measured at 150 min, and the beating degree of tobacco straw and cotton stalk can be measured at 250 min. The tensile strength of tobacco straw fiber is significantly higher than that of other straw.