对脑(神经系统)的研究正在掀起新的高潮。美国的“脑计划”BRAIN(Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies)Initiative,即最初提出的“脑活动图谱”(Brain Activity Mapping)项目的延伸和欧盟委员会启动的“人脑计划”(Human Brain Project,HBP),反映了国际社会对脑科学及相关学科研究的高度重视。脑科学研究的终极目标是阐明脑和神经系统的工作原理和机制,这通常被认为是自然科学的“最后疆域”(last frontier),它所蕴涵的科学意义以 Research on the brain (nervous system) is setting off a new upsurge. The United States’ “Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies” initiative, an extension of the original Brain Activity Mapping project and the “Human Brain Project” launched by the European Commission, (Human Brain Project, HBP), reflecting the international community’s attention to brain science and related disciplines. The ultimate goal of brain science research is to elucidate the working principles and mechanisms of the brain and nervous system, which are often considered the “last frontier” of natural science. Its implication is that scientific