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高中《世界近代现代史》下册第三章有个子目“战后新兴国家”。但到底哪些国家属于“新兴国家”,教材语焉不详,没有作明确说明。这就使许多师生在讲授、学习这部分教材时困惑不解。严格地说,这个子目的确定不够科学和准确。因为完全扣准这个子目的教材内容只限于第一段。第二大段实际讲的是战后欧洲领土变化所依据的原则(个别新出现的国家属于“新兴国家”)。 首先应该明确“新兴国家”的概念。根据教材介绍,它的意思是受到其他国家控制、奴役的国家重新取得独立地位。以下两句话可说明:“芬兰……脱离了俄国宣告独立”;“被俄、普、奥所瓜分的波兰也从此复国”。在这里,教材介绍了5个新兴国家。按照这个条件,匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克也应是新兴国家。对于后者,教材明确提出:“捷克人和斯洛伐克人的地区形成了新的独立的捷克斯洛伐克共和国”。
The third chapter of the second volume of the high school “Modern History of the Modern World” has a subheading “Postwar emerging countries.” But in the end, which countries belong to “emerging countries” and the language of the textbooks are unknown, there is no clear explanation. This has caused many teachers and students to be puzzled when teaching and learning this textbook. Strictly speaking, this sub-purpose is not scientific enough and accurate. This is because the content of textbooks that completely deduct this sub-purpose is limited to the first paragraph. The second major section actually talks about the principles on which the post-war European territorial changes are based (some emerging countries belong to “emerging countries”). First of all, the concept of “emerging countries” should be clearly defined. According to the introduction of the teaching materials, it means that countries that are controlled and enslaved by other countries have regained their independent status. The following two sentences can be stated: “Finland ... has escaped the declaration of independence by Russia”; “The Poland divided by Russia, Russia, and Poland has also been reunited.” Here, the textbook introduces five emerging countries. According to this condition, Hungary and Czechoslovakia should also be emerging countries. For the latter, the textbook explicitly states: “The Czech and Slovak regions formed a new independent Czech Republic.”