十九世纪,欧洲许多国家在完成资本主义产业革命以后,机器大工业生产有了进一步的发展。工业生产的发展,推动了自然科学的巨大进步。特别是细胞学说、能量守恒与转化定律、生物进化论这三大发现,使机械论和形而上学陷于窘境,辩证唯物主义应运而生。辩证唯物主义不仅是自然科学发展的产物,而且是整个人类思想文化发展和工人运动发展 In the 19th century, after many capitalist industrial revolutions were completed in many European countries, the further development of the machinery industry was further developed. The development of industrial production has promoted tremendous progress in the natural sciences. In particular, the three major discoveries of cell theory, energy conservation and transformation law, and biological evolutionism put mechanicalism and metaphysics in a dilemma, and dialectical materialism came into being. Dialectical materialism is not only the product of the development of natural science but also the development of the whole human ideology and culture and the development of the workers’ movement