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岩石的抗拉强度对工程设计占有特殊重要的地位,这是无庸置疑的,但是如何评价在实验室用不同试验方法测得的结果,历来颇有争议,也是值得研究的问题之一,本文从现有的单轴直接拉伸法和劈裂法(即巴西法)以及水力破裂法等三种不同试验方法进行比较,尽管这三种方法的受力条件有所不同,但即使用同一种方法测得的结果,也由于岩石内部存在各种缺陷会有很大差异,试验数据有很大的随机性,作者根据水力破裂法的试验结果,利用缺陷统计理论,推导出岩石的特征抗拉强度和平均破坏应力,从而求得均勻拉伸的破坏强度,比较接近实际,因此认为水力破裂法是研究岩石抗拉强度较好的方法.
It is undoubted that the tensile strength of rocks occupies a special important position in engineering design. However, how to evaluate the results measured in different laboratories in the laboratory has always been controversial and one of the issues worth studying. The existing uniaxial direct drawing method and cleaving method (namely Brazilian method) and hydraulic fracturing method are compared with three different test methods. Although the force conditions of these three methods are different, they use the same method. The measured results are also very different due to various defects in the interior of the rock. The experimental data are highly random. The author used the defect statistical theory to derive the characteristic tensile strength of the rock according to the experimental results of the hydraulic fracturing method. And the average breaking stress, so as to obtain a uniform tensile fracture strength, is relatively close to reality, so that the hydraulic fracturing method is considered to be a good method to study rock tensile strength.