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作者在多年来的研究中注意到,与东南亚、拉美以及非洲的贫民窟现象相比较,中国各地迁移群体的居住生活有一些较为明显的差异特征。在目前的中国,下层迁移群体虽然普遍生活在城市贫困社区中,但他们的生活秩序尚没有崩溃。考虑到中国有两亿多流动人口,他们得不到城市政府的住房保障,甚至也得不到雇主的住房扶助,我们目前所能看到的城市下层迁移群体的居住生活秩序或许可以称为一种“社会奇迹”。本研究依据作者近几年组织的有关城市下层居住生活的调查素材,探讨了当今中国城市社会中居住贫困群体的居住生活秩序是如何形成的。几十年来,在市场化、城市化以及消费社会快速形成的过程中,社会失序、道德危机等等一直是中国研究中引人注目的议题。而与此同时,一些自生的社会秩序也在悄然形成。在空前规模的社会大流动中,数以亿计的农民及各类贫困群体在社会流动中顽强地建立他们的生活秩序,并构建起生活互助、共生协作的社会网络。在此过程中,一些由他们共享的规范伦理得以形成,并赢得了社会普遍的理解。
The authors have noticed in many years of research that there are some obvious differences in living characteristics among the migrant groups in different parts of China compared with the slums in Southeast Asia, Latin America and Africa. In present China, although the lower migration groups generally live in urban poor communities, their life order has not collapsed. Considering there are more than 200 million migrants in China, they can not get the housing guarantee of the city government or even the housing assistance of their employers. The living order of the urban migrants in the lower reaches of our city can be called one Kind of “social miracle”. This study, based on the author’s research materials on living in the urban areas in recent years, explores how the living order of the living poor groups in Chinese urban society is formed. For decades, in the process of marketization, urbanization and the rapid formation of a consumer society, social disorder and moral crisis have all along been the most prominent topics in China’s research. At the same time, some spontaneous social order is quietly taking shape. In an unprecedented large-scale social mobility, hundreds of millions of peasants and various groups of poor people tenaciously set up their living order in social mobility and built a social network of mutual assistance, symbiosis and collaboration. During this process, some of the normative ethics shared by them were formed and won widespread social understanding.