水稻是世界上最重要的农作物之一,全球有近一半的人口以水稻作为主粮。水稻育种一直是各国育种学家最重视的研究课题。目前,水稻育种实践中仍主要采用杂交育种等常规育种手段。但是近20a来,随着生物技术的迅速发展,各国育种学家愈来愈广泛地采用基因工程等现代生物技术于水稻育种研究中,试图将一些控制优良性状的外源基因导入水稻,从而培育出高产、优质、抗性强的水稻新品种。 2 水稻外源基因导入技术及现状 20世纪80年代中后期,由于原生质体培养技术的迅猛发展,以水稻原生质体为受体的PEG介导转化法和电注射技术占据了主要地位。当以水稻原生质体作为外源目的基因的受体时,常用PEG法导 Rice is one of the most important crops in the world, and nearly half of the world’s population uses rice as the staple food. Rice breeding has always been the most important research topic of breeders in various countries. At present, rice breeding practice is still mainly used by conventional breeding methods such as cross breeding. However, with the rapid development of biotechnology in recent 20 years, breeders in various countries have increasingly adopted modern biotechnologies such as genetic engineering in rice breeding and tried to introduce some foreign genes that control excellent traits into rice so as to cultivate them High yield, high quality, strong resistance to new rice varieties. 2 rice foreign gene introduction technology and the status of the 20th century during the mid and late 1980s, due to the rapid development of protoplast culture technology, rice protoplast as a receptor by PEG-mediated transformation and electromedical injection occupy a dominant position. When using rice protoplasts as exogenous gene receptor, commonly used PEG method