1968年夏天,苏联科学院希尔绍夫海洋研究所南方分所结束了固定的载人水下实验室《黑海》号的建造。在三个阶段(在陆地上和水下4米及12米深的作业深度上)进行的一个月的试验计划结束后,《黑海》号于1968年8月初被移交给一组专家,以供水下研究用。下列要求构成了《黑海》号结构的基础:保证科研人员正常生活和工作的必要性;在若干年内从事科学研究的可能性(这个要求涉及不用水面船上起重工具在海底设置水下实验室及实验室浮到水面的问题);水下实验室浮到水面后直接在实验室内对乘员进行减压的可能 In the summer of 1968, the southern branch of the Institute of Oceanography at the Sheremetyevo Institute of Soviet Sciences ended the construction of the fixed-manned underwater laboratory “Black Sea”. After a one-month pilot project in three phases (on land and at a depth of 4 meters and a depth of 12 meters), the “Black Sea” was handed over to a group of experts in early August 1968 for water supply Under the study. The following requirements form the basis of the structure of “Black Sea”: the need to ensure the normal life and work of researchers; the possibility of conducting scientific research over a number of years (this requirement involves the installation of underwater laboratories on the seafloor without lifting craft on board ships and The problem of floating to the surface of the laboratory); the possibility of depressurizing the occupant directly in the laboratory after the underwater laboratory floats