科学课堂教学活动是特殊的认识活动,有着区别于一般认识活动的独特的“三维结构”(教师、学生、教材)。教师参与学生的认识活动,其主要功能和目的在于引导学生的认识活动,教是为学而教,这种引导既不能代替主体自身的认识,又不能没有。学生是当然的主体,任何人替代不了。课堂教学中的科学探究活动,同样必须依靠教师的引导。要让孩子们在40分钟内跨越人类几千年、几百年的科学历程,这要在老师精心指导下,在正 Scientific classroom teaching activities are special awareness activities, which have distinctive “three-dimensional structure ” (teachers, students, teaching materials) different from general awareness activities. The main function and purpose of teachers’ participation in students’ cognition activities are to guide students’ cognitive activities, which is taught for learning. Such guidance can neither replace the cognition of the subject nor can it not. Students are the main course, no one can not replace. The scientific exploration activities in classroom teaching must also rely on teachers’ guidance. Let children in 40 minutes across the human thousands of years, hundreds of years of scientific history, which should be under the guidance of the teacher, is