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目的测试孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童、注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童和正常儿童对基本面部表情的识别能力,探讨孤独症谱系障碍儿童面部表情识别障碍特点。方法采用计算机系统对32例ASD儿童和32例ADHD儿童和32例正常儿童进行测试,以反应时长、正确率为分析指标,三组儿童在发展年龄上进行匹配。结果 1)ASD组和ADHD组相比,两组对高兴、愤怒情绪的注视时间差异无统计学意义(t=1.04、0.16,P>0.05);ASD组对悲伤、惊讶、恐惧的注视时间均短于对ADHD组,差异有统计学意义(t=1.83、1.79、2.96,P<0.05)。ASD组和ADHD组对各表情的平均注视时间均短于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2)ASD组对高兴、愤怒识别正确率与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.318、0.067,P>0.05);ASD组的悲伤、惊讶、恐惧的识别率低于正常组(χ~2=0.428、8.532、5.455,P<0.05);ADHD组仅对恐惧的识别率低于正常组(χ~2=5.406,P<0.05);ADHD对其他几种情绪的识别率与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 ASD儿童的面部表情识别障碍不仅仅源于视觉注意减少;ASD患儿的情绪识别障碍主要体现在对悲伤、惊讶、恐惧的情绪的识别中,对高兴、愤怒的识别率相对较高。
Objective To test the ability of recognizing basic facial expressions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ADHD), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normal children and to explore the characteristics of facial expression recognition disorder in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods 32 ASD children, 32 ADHD children and 32 normal children were tested by computer system. Response time and correct rate were used as the analysis indexes. The three groups of children were matched in their developmental ages. Results 1) Compared with ADHD group, there was no significant difference in gaze time between happy group and angry group in ASD group (t = 1.04,0.16, P> 0.05). The mean time of gaze, surprise and fear in ASD group Shorter than ADHD group, the difference was statistically significant (t = 1.83,1.79,2.96, P <0.05). The ASD group and ADHD group showed shorter mean gaze time than the normal group (P <0.05); 2) There was no significant difference between the ASD group and the ADHD group (χ ~ 2 = 0.318, 0.067, P> 0.05). The recognition rate of sadness, astonishment and fear in ASD group was lower than that in normal group (χ ~ 2 = 0.428,8.532,5.455, P <0.05) The recognition rate of ADHD was lower than that of normal group (χ ~ 2 = 5.406, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in recognition rate of other sentiment between ADHD group and normal group (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Children with facial disability in children with ASD have not only decreased visual attention, but also have a higher recognition rate of displeasure and anger in their recognition of feelings of sadness, surprise and fear.