内窥镜作为诊断上胃肠道急性出血的方法已被证明是安全的、高度正确的。一个正确的病因诊断使临床能够选择更多的有用方法包括制酸剂、鼻胃管、输加压素(通过周围静脉或选择性动脉插管)、气囊压迫或急诊手术。遗憾的是没有一种方法是完全满意的。制酸剂在预防应激性溃疡有用,但不能控制活动性出血。静脉注射加压素在大约50%的食道静脉曲张出血的病人有暂时止血作用,但有显著的血液动力学付作用。选择性动脉内用加压素能暂时控制静脉曲张或非静脉曲张出血,但对 Endoscopy as a method of diagnosing acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding has proven to be safe and highly correct. A good etiological diagnosis allows clinics to choose more useful methods including antacids, nasogastric tubes, vasopressin (via peripheral or selective arterial cannulation), balloon compression or emergency surgery. Unfortunately, none of the methods are completely satisfactory. Antacids are useful in the prevention of stress ulcers, but can not control active bleeding. Intravenous vasopressin has a temporary hemostatic effect in about 50% of patients with esophageal variceal bleeding, but with significant hemodynamic effects. Selective arterial vasopressin can temporarily control varicose veins or non-variceal bleeding, but