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一、概况1788年至1900年,澳大利亚为英国的殖民地,其经济主要为农业和采矿业。1901年,澳大利亚六个殖民地建立澳大利亚联邦。自那时起,交通运输、通讯和制造业才得以较快地发展,但直到50年代,农业和采矿业仍然在经济中占主导地位。50年代,农业产值在国内生产总值(GDP)中占25%左右,农产品出口占出口总值的80%以上。二次大战的需要和战后大规模的移民计划刺激了制造业的迅速发展和多样化经济的全面增长。五六十年代是澳大利亚经济的高速发展时期,制造业和以出口为目的的采矿和能源部门吸收了大量的外资。60年代未,制造业已占国内生产总值的30%,但制造业在高关税和配额
I. Overview From 1788 to 1900, Australia was a British colony whose economy was mainly agricultural and mining. In 1901, six Australian colonies established the Commonwealth of Australia. Transport, communications and manufacturing have only developed rapidly since then, but the agricultural and mining sectors remained dominant in the economy until the 1950s. In the 1950s, agricultural output accounted for about 25% of gross domestic product (GDP) and agricultural exports accounted for more than 80% of total exports. The needs of World War II and the massive post-war immigration program stimulated the rapid growth of manufacturing and the overall growth of a diversified economy. The fifties and sixties were a period of rapid economic development in Australia. The manufacturing and export-oriented mining and energy sectors absorbed a large amount of foreign investment. In the 1960s, manufacturing accounted for 30% of the GDP, but the manufacturing industry was under high tariffs and quotas