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导言清朝统治中国长达260余年,鸦片战争之后所发生的“太平天国运动”和“义和团事件”往往被列举为清朝衰败解体的象征。中国的学者们趋于将反清暴动纳入“民众反对清朝统治”、“民众反对列强”等“反帝反封建”的现代主义框架之中,其目的无疑是意欲将清朝灭亡的原因归结于以汉族为主体的“人民大众”反对清朝所致这一意识形态的历史论框架中。然而,作为一个多民族征服王朝,清朝所拥有的矛盾构造并非那样简单,因此,清朝灭亡的原因也不能以如此简单的方式予以解释。
Introduction The Qing dynasty ruled China for more than 260 years. The “Taiping Rebellion Movement” and “Boxer Incidents” that took place after the Opium War are often cited as a symbol of the collapse of the Qing dynasty. Chinese scholars tend to include the anti-Qing insurgency in the modernist framework of “people oppose the rule of the Qing Dynasty” and “the people oppose the powers”, “anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism,” and their purpose is undoubtedly to purge the Qing government The reason for the demise is attributed to the historic framework of the ideology that the Han people as the main body and the “people” opposed to the Qing Dynasty. However, as a multi-ethnic conquering dynasty, the contradictions possessed by the Qing Dynasty were not that simple. Therefore, the reasons for the demise of the Qing dynasty can not be explained in such a simple way.