地下铝土矿山超前探测及巷道光面爆破技术研究

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Smoth blasting has been commonly used in roadway excavation, whereas, owing to the complexity of the engineering geological conditions and the uncertainty of selected blasting parameters and blasting equipment, it often appears unsatisfactory blasting effects in engineering practice. According to the actual situation of roadway excavation in bauxite mine, the theory of smooth blasting、parameters design, blasting technology solutions and rapid excavation technology were studyed by technical means of theoretical studies, numerical analysis and blasting test in mine.First of all, the characteristics of stress wave between adjacent blast holes, the formation conditions of radial crack, the mechanism and process of periphery hole breakthrough to form the cracks were analyzed in explosion stress wave theory. According to the theory of decoupled charging, rock breaking process in condition of decoupled charging was analyzed, theoretical formula of decoupled charging coefficient, periphery hole spacing and other blasting parameters were studied. Blasting scheme on the condition of different minimum burdens were analyzed by numerical simulation with dynamic finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the selection basis of minimum burdens in blasting scheme were provided from the angles of overbreak and underbreak control and reducing the destruction of the surrounding rock.On the basis of the investigation of mining geological conditions, the structure of the underground rock formations were detected with electromagnetic prospecting instrument EMRS-3, the distribution areas of vacant place and fault were found out, some valuable guidances could be provided for subsequent construction work. The current situation of blasting was investigated, the effect and technical defects of current blasting technology were analysed, the direction of designing applicable blasting scheme was provided. Massive rubbles were collected, standard test pieces were processed, rock mechanics parameters were obtained by indoor mechanical tests, the foundation of subsequent blasting parameters design was established. Combined with the geological conditions of bauxite roadway, cutting form, layout of blast holes, detonate sequence and other blasting technology were designed carefully, complete blasting technology program was formulated. Rapid excavation program was designed from the angles of equipment selection, blasting technology, loading and transportation, support and labor organizations. Excavation test was taken in mine roadway. It is shown that circulating footage was increased, the control of overbreak and underbreak was improved, the blasting materials was reduced, the speed and effect of excavation was improved, the time of mine infrastructure was shorten, good economic effect was obtained.
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